Water is collected from a channel and transported to next treatment. Along this path, all the particles of type that have a grainy sedimentation rate greater than the rate of climb of current are held in tub. In practice, the sedimentation depends on surface of tub and not by its volume (survival water purification systems). In fact the same flow rate of upward flow (Qa), the greater the surface (S) of tub, the lower the speed of upward flow (Va = Qa / S), the greater the proportion of particles sedimenting.
Quick filters are identical to those lenses; only varies the thickness of material forming the filter bed and the mattress filtering, in order to make faster the speed of filtration, equal to 5-10 m / hour. In this case the filtration is mechanical. For quick filters as a rule are used leach monolayer (single media) consisting of quartz sand (50-80 cm thick) supported by a mattress filter, or a drainage layer, consisting of coarser material (such as gravel) the thickness.
We can also make filters consist of two filter layers of materials with different specific weight (dual media). As a rule, in this case the top layer is made from anthracite, lighter, and the lower one is in quartz sand. The layer of asphalt, being formed by the coarser particles of sand, preserves the rapid occlusion of first layers of sand. After a certain time, the retained particles begin to clog the bed draining decreasing the permeability, and determining, at a constant flow rate of inflow, an increase in waters level in tanks filtering. Exceeded the limit level, the layer drained must be subjected to countercurrent washing to restore its efficiency.
The filtering layer resting on a draining bottom, which has the function of: surface filters: filtration takes place through filter cloths which prevent the passage from the materials above the size of blind holes (not es.tessuto tissue; in this case the particles are retained on the surface of filter media forming a layer of material that retains the subsequent particles.
ants: the most used today are the polyelectrolytes. The agitation speed should be neither too low to prevent sedimentation of flakes, or too high to avoid breakage of flake. The slow agitation is achieved by use of mechanical mixers (dynamic system) or by placing a series of baffles in tank (static system).
Treatments: also divided into several phases, improve the organoleptic characteristics of waters (adsorption on activated carbon) and lower the content of dissolved solids (demineralization). The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of filtration real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The filters are formed from cylindrical vessels made of reinforced concrete on the bottom of which special shelves, provided with an adequate number of holes, support the filtering mass. The filter bed consists of fine sand / fine or other material minute. The filter bed is supported by an underlying layer of material, also the filter, formed by a layer of coarse gravel and the overlying layers of gravel gradually finer (mattress draining).
These flocculants, added in small doses, immediately after the coagulant, improve the efficiency of process affecting mainly. The adjuvants used are polyelectrolytes, organic macromolecules obtained through polymerization processes, waters-soluble or dispersible well, characterized by the presence of charged groups or at least polar throughout the chain.
Quick filters are identical to those lenses; only varies the thickness of material forming the filter bed and the mattress filtering, in order to make faster the speed of filtration, equal to 5-10 m / hour. In this case the filtration is mechanical. For quick filters as a rule are used leach monolayer (single media) consisting of quartz sand (50-80 cm thick) supported by a mattress filter, or a drainage layer, consisting of coarser material (such as gravel) the thickness.
We can also make filters consist of two filter layers of materials with different specific weight (dual media). As a rule, in this case the top layer is made from anthracite, lighter, and the lower one is in quartz sand. The layer of asphalt, being formed by the coarser particles of sand, preserves the rapid occlusion of first layers of sand. After a certain time, the retained particles begin to clog the bed draining decreasing the permeability, and determining, at a constant flow rate of inflow, an increase in waters level in tanks filtering. Exceeded the limit level, the layer drained must be subjected to countercurrent washing to restore its efficiency.
The filtering layer resting on a draining bottom, which has the function of: surface filters: filtration takes place through filter cloths which prevent the passage from the materials above the size of blind holes (not es.tessuto tissue; in this case the particles are retained on the surface of filter media forming a layer of material that retains the subsequent particles.
ants: the most used today are the polyelectrolytes. The agitation speed should be neither too low to prevent sedimentation of flakes, or too high to avoid breakage of flake. The slow agitation is achieved by use of mechanical mixers (dynamic system) or by placing a series of baffles in tank (static system).
Treatments: also divided into several phases, improve the organoleptic characteristics of waters (adsorption on activated carbon) and lower the content of dissolved solids (demineralization). The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of filtration real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The filters are formed from cylindrical vessels made of reinforced concrete on the bottom of which special shelves, provided with an adequate number of holes, support the filtering mass. The filter bed consists of fine sand / fine or other material minute. The filter bed is supported by an underlying layer of material, also the filter, formed by a layer of coarse gravel and the overlying layers of gravel gradually finer (mattress draining).
These flocculants, added in small doses, immediately after the coagulant, improve the efficiency of process affecting mainly. The adjuvants used are polyelectrolytes, organic macromolecules obtained through polymerization processes, waters-soluble or dispersible well, characterized by the presence of charged groups or at least polar throughout the chain.
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